The View from Within

    First Person Methodologies for the Study of Consciousness

    Edited by
    Francisco Varela
    and Jonathan Shear

    JCS, Volume 6, 1999: February/March
    320 pages

    Over the last decade there has been a resurgence of interest in the scientific study of consciousness — an area that has been largely ignored since the time of William James. This renaissance has primarily been stimulated by developments in PET, fMRI and other brain-scanning technology that enable scientists to pinpoint the neural correlates of conscious experience with ever-increasing accuracy.

    However, the study of conscious experience itself has not kept pace with these advances in third-person methodologies. If anything, the standard approaches to examining the ‘view from within’ involve little more than cataloging its readily accessible components. Thus the study of lived subjective experience is still at the level of Aristotelian science. This has led many to deny that there could possibly be such a thing as a truly scientific study of conscious experience, or at least to ask: can one be objective about the subjective?

    Drawing on a wide range of approaches — from phenomenology to meditation — THE VIEW FROM WITHIN examines the possibility of a disciplined approach to the study of subjective states. The focus is on the practical issues involved.

    Contents

    Introduction

  • Francisco Varela and Jonathan Shear: First-person accounts: why, what, and how

    • Part I: Introspection

  • Pierre Vermersch: Introspection as practice
  • Claire Peugeot: The intuitive experience: a first-person empirical investigation
  • Carl Ginsburg: Body-image, movement and consciousness: examples from a somatic practice in the Feldenkreis method

    • Part II: Phenomenology

  • Natalie Depraz: Phenomenological reduction as praxis
  • Francisco Varela: The neurophenomenology of time consciousness
  • Andrew R. Bailey: Beyond the Fringe: William James on the transitional parts of the stream of consciousness
  • Jean Naudin, Caroline Gros-Azorin, Aaron Mishara, Osborne P. Wiggins, Michael A. Schwartz, Jean-Michel Azorin: Reduction as a method in Psychiatric experience

    • Part III: Contemplative traditions

  • Alan Wallace: The Buddhist tradition of samatha: methods for refining and examining consciousness
  • Jonathan Shear and Ronald Jevning: Pure consciousness: scientific exporation of meditation techniques

    • Part IV: Commentaries

  • James H. Austin, Six Points to Ponder
  • Bernard J. Baars, There is Already a Field of Systematic Phenomenology, and it’s Called ‘Psychology’
  • Guy Claxton, Moving the Cursor of Consciousness: Cognitive science and human welfare
  • David Galin, Separating First-personness From the Other Problems of Consciousness, or ‘You had to have been there!’
  • Shaun Gallagher, A Cognitive Way to the Transcendental Reduction
  • E.T. Gendlin, A New Model
  • William S. Haney II, Pure Consciousness and Cultural Studies
  • Piet Hut, Theory and Experiment in Philosophy
  • William Lyons, On the Metaphysics of Introspection
    • Response to Lyons from P. Vermersch
  • Bruce Mangan, The Fringe: A case study in explanatory phenomenology
  • Eduard Marbach, Building Materials for the Explanatory Bridge
  • Gregory Nixon, A ‘Hermeneutic Objection’: Language and the inner view
    • Response to Nixon from J. Shear
  • Ian Owen and Neil Morris, The Husserlian Phenomenology of Consciousness and Cognitive Science: We can see the path but nobody is on it
    • Response to Owen and Morris from F.J. Varela
  • John Pickering, Words and Silence
  • Jean-François Richard, Object, Limits and Function of Consciousness
  • Jonathan W. Schooler and Sonya Dougal, The Symbiosis of Subjective and Experimental Approaches to Intuition
  • Rachel Henley, Distinguishing Insight from Intuition
    • Response to Schooler, Dougal and Henley from C. Petitmengin-Peugeot
  • Jeffrey M. Schwartz, Mental Force and the Advertence of Bare Attention
  • Mark Sullivan, Does Psychiatry need the Husserlian Detour?
    • Response to Sullivan from J. Naudin
  • Max Velmans, Intersubjective Science

    • Francisco J. Varela and Jonathan Shear, Editors’ Rejoinder to the Debate